Isha Malhotra, Ghanshyam Singh,
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-68960-5_11
To elaborate the use of an electromagnetic spectrum in the terahertz range for several emerging applications such communication, computing, imaging, and sensing, the design of highly efficient, compact, and reliable integrated circuits is an indispensable requirement which has several potential challenges. The need of compact, efficient, high-performance sensing devices, which are operable at low power and deployable at a large scale, must play a significant role for integrated circuit technology. The concept and design of terahertz integrated circuit (THz-IC) technology for imaging and sensing applications is presented in this chapter. This chapter begins with silicon-based THz-IC technology and is followed by antenna arrays for imaging and sensing applications. The integrated circuit technology of choices such as electronics, photonics, or electronics-photonics hybrids depends on the application, which can be particularly diverse, spanning from sensing, spectroscopy, and imaging to wireless communication. As the antenna size shrinks quadratically as the radiation frequency increases for a given gain, the on-chip antennas have great potential in the terahertz range by eliminating packaging issues for cost-effective, compact terahertz transceivers. To achieve significantly high radiation efficiency, the loss mechanisms of several on-chip antenna technologies are presented, which is a challenging task.
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