Kiarash Ahi, Nathan Jessurun, Mohammad-Parsa Hosseini, Navid Asadizanjani
https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Optical-Engineering/volume-59/issue-6/061629/Survey-of-terahertz-photonics-and-biophotonics/10.1117/1.OE.59.6.061629.short?SSO=1
We review the advances of terahertz (THz) science and
technology in biophotonics, including related challenges and solutions. The
main impediment to THz spectroscopy and imaging in this field is the high
absorption of the THz beam in water. Hence, transmission imaging and
spectroscopy of thick wet tissue using THz radiation has generally been quite
difficult. However, the absorption of THz waves by water molecules is so strong
that increasing the power of the THz source can lead to structural and functional
changes in tissues, so solutions must go beyond a larger power output. In terms
of resolution, THz imaging is superior to ultrasound but inferior to visible
light microscopy. Owing to its unique material analysis capabilities, promising
diagnosis applications have been demonstrated through THz imaging and
spectroscopy. Unfortunately, many applications are limited by beam penetration
depth and resolution. Hence, researchers from a wide variety of scientific and
technical fields have been actively improving these features through the
development of electronic devices and materials. In addition, groundbreaking
optical architecture and materials to reduce beam absorption in the optics of a
system and generate focused beams with smaller diameters have been proposed. On
the software side, image processing techniques to computationally enhance the
resolution and quality of THz imaging have been proposed. Data science and
machine learning to automate the diagnosis of defects and diseases through
processing THz images and spectroscopy data have been proposed. We have
reviewed the applications of THz radiation in biophotonics and research
achievements toward advancing these applications. A conclusion with a roadmap
toward increasing the footprint of the THz technology in biophotonics is also
proposed.
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