Materials Research Express
Ya-Qian Zhang, Jie Li, Ren-chao Jin, Jiaqi Li, Jin Wang, Zheng-Gao Dong
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/ab1580/pdf
We present the toroidal dipolar response in graphene-based disk metamaterials at terahertz range and find that this response has a dominant role over traditional multipoles, attributed to the atom-level ultrathin characteristic of graphene. Moreover, the toroidal response is tunable with the Fermi level of graphene, readily to be realized by applying electrostatic gating, photo-injection, etc. Layers of graphene also obviously influence the toroidal response in terms of the resonant frequency and magnitude. It is believed that the actively tunable characteristic in graphene metamaterials, in contrast to noble-metal-based metastructures, will provide potentials for future terahertz devices based on toroidal response.
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