Lingrong Zhao, Zhe Wang, Chao Lu, Rui Wang, Cheng Hu, Peng Wang, Jia Qi, Tao Jiang, Shengguang Liu, Zhuoran Ma, Fengfeng Qi, Pengfei Zhu, Ya Cheng, Zhiwen Shi, Yanchao Shi, Wei Song, Xiaoxin Zhu, Jiaru Shi, Yingxin Wang, Lixin Yan, Liguo Zhu, Dao Xiang, Jie Zhang,
https://journals.aps.org/prx/accepted/d8075K71A261f001129c7ce70c632d2221b6fd030
Streaking of photoelectrons with optical lasers has been widely used for temporal characterization of attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. Recently, this technique has been adapted to characterize femtosecond x-ray pulses in free-electron lasers with the streaking imprinted by far-infrared and Terahertz (THz) pulses. Here, we report successful implementation of THz streaking for time-stamping of an ultrashort relativistic electron beam of which the energy is several orders of magnitude higher than photoelectrons. Such ability is especially important for MeV ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) applications where electron beams with a few femtosecond pulse width may be obtained with longitudinal compression while the arrival time may fluctuate at a much larger time scale. Using this laser-driven THz streaking technique, the arrival time of an ultrashort electron beam with 6 fs (rms) pulse width has been determined with 1.5 fs (rms) accuracy. Furthermore, we have proposed and demonstrated a non-invasive method for correction of the timing jitter with femtosecond accuracy through measurement of the compressed beam energy, which may allow one to advance UED towards sub-10 fs frontier far beyond the ∼100 fs (rms) jitter.
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