Abstract-Terahertz Spectroscopy of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Probe of Luttinger Liquid Physics

Joel D. Chudow†, Daniel F. Santavicca†‡, and Daniel E. Prober*†

† Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States

‡ Department of Physics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States

Nano Lett., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01485

Publication Date (Web): July 20, 2016

Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society

*E-mail: daniel.prober@yale.edu.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01485

Luttinger liquid theory predicts that collective electron excitations due to strong electron–electron interactions in a one-dimensional (1D) system will result in a modification of the collective charge-propagation velocity. By utilizing a circuit model for an individual metallic single-walled carbon nanotube as a nanotransmission line, it has been shown that the frequency-dependent terahertz impedance of a carbon nanotube can probe this expected 1D Luttinger liquid behavior. We excite terahertz standing-wave resonances on individual antenna-coupled metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes. The terahertz signal is rectified using the nanotube contact nonlinearity, allowing for a low-frequency readout of the coupled terahertz current. The charge velocity on the nanotube is determined from the terahertz spectral response. Our measurements show that a carbon nanotube can behave as a Luttinger liquid system with charge-propagation velocities that are faster than the Fermi velocity. Understanding what determines the charge velocity in low-dimensional conductors is important for the development of next generation nanodevices.

Abstract-Superconducting Contacts for Terahertz Photon Detection

• Christopher B. McKitterick, 
• Heli Vora, 
• Xu Du, 
• Boris S. Karasik, 
• Daniel E. Prober

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10909-014-1127-3

We report on noise and thermal conductance measurements taken in order to determine an upper bound on the performance of graphene as a terahertz photon detector. The main mechanism for sensitive terahertz detection in graphene is bolometric heating of the electron system. To study the properties of a device using this mechanism to detect terahertz photons, we perform Johnson noise thermometry measurements on graphene samples. These measurements probe the electron–phonon behavior of graphene on silicon dioxide at low temperatures. Because the electron–phonon coupling is weak in graphene, superconducting contacts with large gap are used to confine the hot electrons and prevent their out-diffusion. We use niobium nitride leads with a

Tc≈10 K to contact the graphene. We find these leads make good ohmic contact with very low contact resistance. Our measurements find an electron–phonon thermal conductance that depends quadratically on temperature above 4 K and is compatible with single terahertz photon detection.

Abstract-Graphene microbolometers with superconducting contacts for terahertz photon detection

Christopher B. McKitterick, Heli Vora, Xu Du, Boris S. Karasik and Daniel E. Prober
Christopher B. McKitterick
Daniel E. Prober at Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA (email: chris.mckitterick@yale.edu) (email: daniel.prober@yale.edu)
Heli Vora
Xu Du at Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, USA
Boris S. Karasik at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
http://eprintweb.org/S/article/cond-mat/1307.5012

Abstract. We report on noise and thermal conductance measurements taken in order to determine an upper bound on the performance of graphene as a terahertz photon detector. The main mechanism for sensitive terahertz detection in graphene is bolometric heating of the electron system. To study the properties of a device using this mechanism to detect terahertz photons, we perform Johnson noise thermometry measurements on graphene samples. These measurements probe the electron-phonon behavior of graphene on silicon dioxide at low temperatures. Because the electron-phonon coupling is weak in graphene, superconducting contacts with large gap are used to confine the hot electrons and prevent their out-diffusion. We use niobium nitride leads with a $T_mathrmcapprox 10$ K to contact the graphene. We find these leads make good ohmic contact with very low contact resistance. Our measurements find an electron-phonon thermal conductance that depends quadratically on temperature above 4 K and is compatible with single terahertz photon detection.

Abstract-Efficient measurement of broadband terahertz optical activity

Daniel J. Aschaffenburg¹, Michael R. C. Williams¹, Diyar Talbayev¹, Daniel F. Santavicca²,Daniel E. Prober², and Charles A. Schmuttenmaer¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA 

http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v100/i24/p241114_s1?isAuthorized=no

We report a method to determine the four Stokes parameters of each spectral component in a broadband terahertz (THz) pulse by using a continuously rotating analyzer and a standard THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) instrument. A complete characterization of the polarization state at each frequency is obtained through a single time-domain measurement. Our method requires no specialized THz emitters or detectors; it is, therefore, perfectly general and suitable for any existing THz-TDS apparatus.

Abstract-Terahertz detection mechanism and contact capacitance of individual metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes

http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.6290
Joel D. Chudow, Daniel F. Santavicca, Chris B. McKitterick, Daniel E. Prober, Philip Kim
(Submitted on 28 Mar 2012)

Abstract: We characterize the terahertz detection mechanism in antenna-coupled metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes. At low temperature, 4.2 K, a peak in the low-frequency differential resistance is observed at zero bias current due to non-Ohmic contacts. This electrical contact nonlinearity gives rise to the measured terahertz response. By modeling each nanotube contact as a nonlinear resistor in parallel with a capacitor, we determine an upper bound for the value of the contact capacitance that is smaller than previous experimental estimates. The small magnitude of this contact capacitance has favorable implications for the use of carbon nanotubes in high-frequency device applications.

Comments:	13 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Subjects:	Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Cite as:	arXiv:1203.6290v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

Submission history

From: Joel David [view email]

[v1] Wed, 28 Mar 2012 15:10:55 GMT (954kb)