Abstract-Video-speed Graphene Modulator Arrays for Terahertz Imaging Applications

Yury Malevich, M. Said Ergoktas, Gokhan Bakan, Pietro Steiner, Coskun Kocabas

https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.01056

Electrically tuneable high mobility charges on graphene yield an efficient electro-optical platform to control and manipulate terahertz (THz) waves. Real-world applications require a multiplex THz device with efficient modulation over a large active area. The trade-off between the efficient gating and switching speed, however, hinders the realization of these applications. Here, we demonstrate a large-format 256-pixel THz modulator which provides high-frame-rate reconfigurable transmission patterns. The time-domain and frequency-domain THz characterizations of graphene devices reveal the relaxation pathways of gate-induced charges and ion packing at graphene-electrolyte interface. The fundamental understanding of these limiting factors enables us to break the trade-off permitting switching frequencies up to 1 kHz. To show the promises of these devices, we demonstrate a single-pixel THz camera which allows spatial and spectroscopic imaging of large-area objects without any moving components. These results provide a significant advancement towards the achievement of non-invasive THz imaging systems using graphene-based platforms.

Abstract-Graphene terahertz modulators by ionic liquid gating

Yang Wu, Chan La-o-vorakiat, Xuepeng Qiu, Jingbo Liu, Praveen Deorani, Karan Banerjee, Jaesung Son, Yuanfu Chen, Elbert E. M. Chia, Hyunsoo Yang

http://xxx.tau.ac.il/abs/1506.02363

(Submitted on 8 Jun 2015)

Graphene based THz modulators are promising due to the conical band structure and high carrier mobility of graphene. Here, we tune the Fermi level of graphene via electrical gating with the help of ionic liquid to control the THz transmittance. It is found that, in the THz range, both the absorbance and reflectance of the device increase proportionately to the available density of states due to intraband transitions. Compact, stable, and repeatable THz transmittance modulation up to 93% (or 99%) for a single (or stacked) device has been demonstrated in a broad frequency range from 0.1 to 2.5 THz, with an applied voltage of only 3 V at room temperature.