Abstract-The potential of terahertz sensing for cancer diagnosis

                                                                    

Zohreh Vafapour, Afsaneh, Keshavarz, Hossain Ghahraloud, 

 Schematic drawing of the THz bio detector design

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402032466X#:~:text=Abstract,very%20sensitive%20to%20water%20content.

The terahertz (THz) region lies between the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum such that it is strongly attenuated by water and very sensitive to water content. Here, we numerically present what is to our knowledge the detecting system based on THz reflectance spectral responses data in the diagnosis of in vivo and ex vivo of some cancer's samples such as skin, breast and colon cancer tissue samples. The numerical analysis on the use of semiconductor metamaterial design/device as a complex refractive index (CRI) biosensor have been carried out. We demonstrate the application of terahertz pulse detecting (TPD) in reflection geometry for the study of normal and cancerous biological tissues. THz radiation has very low photon energy and thus it does not pose any ionization hazard for biological tissues. The sensitivity of THz radiation to polar molecules, such as water, makes TPD suitable to study the diseases in human body. By studying the THz pulse shape in the time domain, we have been able to differentiate between diseased and normal tissue for the study of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), breast and colon cancers. These results demonstrate the potential of TPD for the study of skin tissue and its related disorders, both in vivo and ex vivo. Findings of this study demonstrate the potential of TPD to depict breast and colon cancers and both in vivo and ex vivo of skin cancer and encourage further studies to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the technique.

Abstract-Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on a terahertz signal and VMD-CWSE

Haishun Liu, Ke Zhao, Xiangyi Liu, Zhenwei Zhang, Jingyu Qian, Cunlin Zhang, and Meiyan Liang

Schematic sketch of the equipment

https://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?uri=boe-11-9-5045

A novel strategy on combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and composite weighted-scale sample entropy (CWSE) modified from composite multiscale entropy (CMSE) is proposed to screen hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by measuring the terahertz (THz) pulse signals of ten normal and ten HCC serums. Eight measured HCC specimens are negative in serum biomarker alpha fetoprotein (AFP) determination. In CWSE, the time series with weighted-scales are generated from the weighted average processing in the coarse-grained time series corresponding to each scale of the CMSE algorithm. VMD served as a preprocessing method was introduced into decomposing THz signal to obtain the mode functions of specific bandwidth for identification. Final results reveal that more obtainable entropy values of CWSE for recognition in comparison to those of CMSE on the basis of the rule of statistically significant difference and effect size and also manifest the stronger discriminability than the traditional THz parameters. This study provides a new potential auxiliary tool for diagnosis HCC and develops the methodology on the discrimination for similar THz signals.

© 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement