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Provided is a waveguide
element, including: a waveguide for guiding an electromagnetic wave; a
resonance antenna for radiating or receiving the electromagnetic wave, the
resonance antenna being arranged at a part of the waveguide for radiating or
receiving the electromagnetic wave; and an impedance matching portion for
matching an impedance of the waveguide with an impedance of the resonance
antenna so as to couple the waveguide to the resonance antenna. The waveguide
includes: a first conductor layer and a second conductor layer each having a
negative dielectric constant real part for the electromagnetic wave; and a core
layer arranged between the first conductor layer and the second conductor
layer. The core layer has one of a gain of the electromagnetic wave and
nonlinearity of carriers for the electromagnetic wave
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